What is the purpose of IAM roles?

IAM roles are designed to grant temporary access to AWS resources without the need for sharing security credentials. This is particularly useful in scenarios where users or applications require permissions to access certain AWS services or resources for a limited time. By using a role, you can assume specified permissions without needing to hard-code credentials or share sensitive information.

When a role is assumed, it generates temporary security credentials that automatically expire after a set period, adding an additional layer of security. This approach helps in managing access control in a more dynamic and safe manner, as opposed to providing long-term access that could lead to potential security breaches if credentials are compromised.

In contrast to permanent access or creating new security credentials, IAM roles focus on temporary assignments and adhering to the principle of least privilege, ensuring that users have the minimum necessary permissions for the task at hand. This makes IAM roles an essential feature for maintaining a secure and efficient AWS environment.